Construction and infrastructure activities are among the major contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While circular economy (CE) practices present significant opportunities to decouple resource use from emissions, current applications remain fragmented, inconsistent, and highly variable across industry sectors.
This study applies a consistent analytical framework—encompassing R-strategies and business models, PESTEL analysis, sustainability and circularity metrics, and gap assessment—to examine three Australian case studies: (i) Main Roads WA (MRWA) crumb rubber road program, (ii) Keon Parade Level Crossing Removal “Recycle First” precinct (VIC), and (iii) ATCO modular “space-rental” systems.
The findings reveal key inconsistencies in CE interpretation, taxonomy, and implementation across the built environment. By synthesising cross-case insights, the project proposes a harmonised Circular Economy Framework to guide policy, procurement, and supply chain decision-making. This framework aims to achieve national consistency in CE practices across the Australian built environment, supporting a more coherent and scalable transition toward low-carbon, resource-efficient construction.