Land use planning and management has been widely recognised as imperative for building climate-resilient cities due to its pivotal role in shaping urban environments. Achieving climate resilience through land use planning and management, however, requires the careful negotiation of the social and legal relations that structure urban land. Yet, a systematic review of existing knowledge on urban land and property politics within the context of climate resilience development is lacking. This paper reviews recent empirical research to synthesise evidence on the intersection of urban land, property politics and climate-resilient development. The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. A search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science bibliographic databases, which identified 5,531 records from 2000 to 2024. Based on the study’s eligibility criteria, 55 studies were included in this review. The findings of this review highlight the research area to be in a nascent stage, with the majority of research focused on India, the United States, Brazil, China, and Indonesia. Common themes emerging from the thematic analysis of data include barriers, enablers and progress in climate-resilient urban development (CRUD); the nature of climate risk; interactions between property-owner behaviour and property-level resilience strategies, as well as case study lessons and solutions for CRUD. Knowledge gaps identified as pertinent to research growth include the limited understanding of climate risk, the paucity of research on the relationship between property ownership and climate resilient strategies, and the general dearth of research on the political economy of urban land management. Reflecting on the role of land and property politics in climate-resilient urban development, this review offers valuable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers to inform the successful design, planning, and implementation of climate-resilient strategies in cities.